Update from the Heartland
No.578
7.1.13 – 13.1.13
Blog version: http://heartlandupdate.blogspot.com/
To all,
The follow-up news items:
-- For those following the extraordinary efforts of Aslan T.
Soobzokov [474, 480, 496], I received
this update on the status of his case:
“Cap,
“May the blessings of Allah be upon you when you read this
email and always.
“We have been scheduled for oral argument in Philadelphia on
March 5, 2013 on our appeal to the Third Circuit Court of Appeals.
“The wheels of justice...
“Salam,
“Aslan T. Soobzokov”
My reply:
Aslan,
As-salam
alaykum, my brother. Blessings
upon you and your family.
Good
luck with your appeal to the 3rd Circuit.
I look forward to hearing of your experience before the bar. Please send the case title and number,
so I can look for the ruling when it is published.
The
wheels of justice, indeed!
Allahu Akbar,
Cap
While driving to work on Tuesday and
listening to the “Bob & Tom Show” on the radio, Kristi Lee gave us a little
news item about Carlos Walker, 36 [a rapper AKA Shawty Lo], who will be the
principal in the Oxygen Channel, “reality” program titled: “All My Babies' Mamas.” According to Kristi’s report, Walker
fathered 11 children by 10 different women, thus the title of the “show.” To be blunt, I cannot imagine what
intellectual or community contribution this program will make for the
betterment of mankind, but then who asked me? I do not know if Carlos supports all of his children and
their mothers – not my dawg, i.e., not my problem. Given the public persona of rappers, he probably does make
sufficient money to take care of his children, so perhaps the diatribe I am about to launch into is
premature. Nonetheless . . .
I
am reminded of Warren Steed Jeffs, 57 [231],
the former patriarch (or should I say lord & master) of the Fundamentalist
Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-Day Saints (FLDS Church) based in Colorado
City, Arizona, and of late El Dorado, Texas [332]. Warren succeeded
his deceased father, Rulon Timpson Jeffs, who reportedly had 20 wives and 60
children. Also reportedly, Warren
had 78 wives, 24 of which were under
17-years-old at one point, and fathered 60 children by those women
(girls). At least one of his
“wives” was a 12-year-old girl when committed to Jeffs and was the subject of
his conviction in Texas for sexual assault of a minor child. He now resides in the Louis C. Powledge
Unit of the Texas Department of Criminal Justice near Palestine, Texas, and
will not be eligible for parole until 2038. Now, all of that is simply background for my point here. Numerous “family” members have been
recorded bragging and gloating about virtually all of his wives and children
being on welfare as abandoned single mothers and children. Various reports suggest that 80% of the
Jeffs clan are on welfare, which in turn translates to roughly US$10-12M from
federal and state treasuries – our precious tax money. What is worse, he will have plenty of
time to knock out a few more from prison with conjugal visits and such.
Another
example I have used before . . . an anonymous, New York City crack-addicted
prostitute [478], who had eight
children by eight different sperm donors, collecting welfare for the kids but
to support her habit; three kids removed by the state as of the last public
report [478], and she is still capable
of having more children despite court orders against producing more [524]. The Jeffs gang has supplanted the NYC crack whore as the
prime example of flagrant abuse of American charity and generosity.
While
I do not think rampant procreation as demonstrated by the Jeffs clan is
socially or societally acceptable for a host of reasons, I choose to respect
their private choices. Where I
diverge sharply with the likes of Warren Jeffs and his brood or even the NYC
prostitute noted above, occurs when their choices cause injury or harm to
another human being, or they place demands upon the State. To be clear, I want the State out of
our private lives and affairs; the State has no interest behind my front door
absent indications of harm to others.
I want to respect the private choices of others. If Warren Jeffs can sustain valid
relationships with 78 women and support 60 children, then I see that life as
their choice; I can respect that.
However, once their relationship choices become a burden for the State,
then the State has every right and I will say the State has an obligation to
intercede to minimize the burden on We, the People. When the State intercedes, then a person progressively loses
his/her right to privacy, to independence, to freedom of choice, which includes
her/his reproductive rights. I
doubt Carlos Walker has exceeded the Jeffs gang, but he has potentially
exceeded the NYC crack whore as a parasite, if just one of those women has been
on public assistance. These cases
are an abuse of the public Treasury, just as is congressional largesse or
political corruption. Hopefully,
Walker is a good and generous father; I will not be watching to find out.
International
nuclear experts have raised additional concerns about the security of up to 50
T of un-enriched uranium in Syria amid fears that civil war could put the
stockpile at risk. Let us not
forget the 6.June.2007, airborne raid by the Israeli Air Force that struck the
Syrian nuclear facility at al-Kibar, in the northeast part of the country [302]. The strike unit of 4 x F-16Is + 4 x F-15Is aircraft dropped
17 T of bombs to destroy the facility before it could become operational –
shades of the Israeli strike on the
Iraqi nuclear facility at Osirak (7.June.1981).
On Monday, CNN’s Piers Morgan Tonight Show aired an
“interview” with Alexander Emerick “Alex” Jones, 38, who is a radio talk
show host and pro-gun advocate in Austin, Texas. Jones’ in-your-face rant at Morgan made national news. Jones has advocated for a deportation
petition against Morgan, because of the latter’s vociferous support of strict
gun control in the aftermath of the Newtown massacre [574]. While I
understand and appreciate Jones’ position, his approach to communicating the
message is about as flat-ass wrong as can be. His red-face tirade simply confirms the image of a pro-gun
nut-case held by many and does nothing to further the public debate, which was
precisely why Morgan gave him the rope, in my humble opinion. Conversely, I must acknowledge a fair
amount of anger regarding Morgan’s vociferous vitriol directed at gun owners
and the gun trade.
We
need calm, rational, considered thought to solve a very real, palpable,
societal problem. We (me included)
cannot stand deaf, dumb and happy on the 2nd Amendment alone. As I have written, Mayor Bloomberg is
correct; we must find a way to keep firearms out of the hands of people who
intend to do harm to others. I
believe every single American citizen (other than perhaps the crazies
themselves) would agree that the root cause of these tragedies is the
individuals who do not respect others and life in general. They are instigated to their crime by
their mental illnesses, medications or other substances, hatred, alienation, and
other mental disturbances. I also
believe we can agree with Mayor Bloomberg, so we are only debating the how to
treat the root cause of the issue.
I
have offered a number of suggestions to stimulate our communities to contribute
to the solution. I am certain each
person reading these words has thought of or can generate many more ways to
improve the security of our communities.
Prohibition in a free society can only be successful when the whole of
the community supports such restrictions.
For a willful majority to attempt prohibition simply creates a vibrant,
criminal sub-culture, smuggling, and an entirely new set of “criminals” –
alcohol, drugs, gambling, prostitution, and the list could go on. I recognize and acknowledge the emotion
in this debate. To lay blame for
these tragedies on video games, movies, or the tools of their crimes is simply
wrong and will lead us in the wrong direction . . . to treat the symptoms of
the illness rather than the root cause.
Perhaps this is not the correct forum to offer solution
suggestions. If not, then let us
find the correct forum.
Perhaps,
a smidgeon of history regarding a “well-regulated militia” might be useful.
With
the lessons-learned during the Spanish-American War, Congress passed and
President Roosevelt signed into law the Militia Act of 1903 (AKA Dick Act) [PL 57-II-033;
32 Stat. 775; 21.January.1903] [526]. Most notably, the law created the
National Guard as we know it today.
Section 1 of the Dick Act established “That the militia shall consist of
every able-bodied male citizen
of the respective States, Territories, and the District of Columbia, and every
able-bodied male of foreign birth who has declared his intention to become a
citizen, who is more than eighteen and
less than forty-five years of age, and shall be divided into two classes –
the organized militia, to be known as the National Guard of the State, Territory, or District of
Columbia . . . and the remainder to be known as the Reserve
Militia.” (emphasis added)
Further, §13 [32 Stat. 777] of the law authorized the “arming all of the
organized militia” with standard issue weapons then in use by the regular
Army. The law essentially created
three levels of the land army of the United States – the regular, standing
Army; the National Guard of the respective states; and, the Reserve Militia of
all remaining able-bodied men.
Clearly, Congress believed all able-bodied, military age, male citizens
comprised the land army of this Grand Republic. The law remains in effect to this day.
It
is instructive to note the definitions of the Dick Act have remained
essentially the same since the Militia Act of 1792 (MA1792) [PL 2-I-033; 1 Stat.
271; 8.May.1792] – four years after the Constitution was ratified, and less
than one year after ratification of the Bill of Rights, including the 2nd Amendment. Section 1 of MA1792 directed, “That each and every free able-bodied white male citizen of the
respective states, resident therein, who is or shall be of the age of eighteen years, and under the age of forty-five
years (except as is herein after excepted) shall severally and
respectively be enrolled in the militia . . . .” Further, MA1792 provided, “That every citizen so enrolled
and notified, shall, within six months thereafter, provide
himself with a good musket or firelock . . . .” (emphasis added) While
the Dick Act did not go as far as MA1792, the intentions of Congress with
respect to the 2nd
Amendment should be clear.
While
there are no provisions in the Dick Act for arming the Reserve Militia, it is
certainly reasonable and logical that the 2nd Amendment covered at least the
potential for the Reserve Militia.
Switzerland and Israel have similar laws for their defense. In fact, Switzerland requires
able-bodied males to maintain their service weapons in their homes for rapid
response to threats to their national security. The phrase “A well regulated militia” in the 2nd
Amendment takes on a different perspective when viewed in the light
to the very broad definition that Congress had for what a militia was
understood to be.
Further,
from Associate Justice Joseph Story’s Commentaries on the Constitution of the United States
[412]:
Ҥ 1890. The importance of [the 2nd
Amendment] .
will
scarcely be doubted by any persons, who have duly reflected upon the subject The militia is the natural defence
of a free country against sudden foreign invasions, domestic insurrections, and
domestic
usurpations of power by rulers.” (emphasis added) [Volume III; Chapter XLIV – Amendments
to the Constitution]
I
am not quite sure what the proper, official title is for the task force led by
Vice President Biden. Some call it
the Gun Violence Task Force; others call it the Gun Control Task Force. The former version seems to be the most
frequent. The group is due to
report their findings by the end of January. The Press has reported on dribbles, leaks and rumors from
the Task Force. All of the rumors
have been about the tools rather than the root cause of violence. I shall remain optimistic the Task
Force will go for the root cause(s) solution rather than popular, cosmetic,
symptomatic changes that will not reduce the likelihood of gun violence
tragedies in this Grand Republic.
A
simple FYI: assault rifles are already prohibited and have been since the National Firearms Act of 1934 (NFA) [PL 73-474; 48 Stat. 1236; 26.June.1934], which remains in effect to this day [see NFA § 1
(a) & (b)]. All this brouhaha about banning assault
rifles is superfluous, redundant and otherwise wasteful of precious
exertion. Perhaps the proponents
seek to prohibit facsimile weapons because they do not like the appearance of
such rifles. Frankly, those guns
are readily recognizable by virtually everyone, and as such, would potentially
aid community contributions toward avoidance of these tragic events. I trust we will find the will to
overcome emotional responses and focus on the root cause(s) solution(s).
As
a simple postscript, the White House respectfully rejected the Jones petition,
as it should have done. The 1st
Amendment is just as important to each and every American citizen as
the 2nd
Amendment, even if Piers Morgan does not understand or appreciate
the history of this Grand Republic.
“Secret Double Standard”
by Ted Gup – Op-Ed Contributor
New York Times
Published: January 8, 2013
While I think all
of us can appreciate Gup’s logic and reasoning, he fails to recognize the
government’s authority, correct or wrong, to decide what information to release
to the public. The Kiriakou conviction
[528, 577] represents the government’s choice to prosecute when a citizen
decides to release classified information, as compared to the government’s
decision in circumstances like the “Zero
Dark Thirty” movie support. We
may not like the dichotomy, but that is the nature of the beast. The government decides and must stand
accountable. Those in the
government charged with making those decisions may not always get it correct. Yet, the Gup argument bothers me on a
far more troubling plain – what if the information disclosed is not national
security data but personal, private information regarding one of us, acquired
with one of the multitudinous tools available to contemporary federal
agencies. I do not read the Gup
argument in the intended national security context, but rather the vastly more
pervasive right to privacy environment.
President
François Gérard Georges Nicolas Hollande of France announced his deployment of
units from le Armée de Terre and le Armée de l’Air to the central African nation of Mali in
support of the government against Islamic fundamentalist rebels in the north of
the country. Troops from other
Western African countries joined the French and Malian army units in combat
operations. In his public
statement, President Hollande said, “French armed forces lent support to units
of the Malian army to fight against terrorists.” He went on to say, “This operation will last as long as
needed.” I dare say the French
have likely done the bang-up job of diplomatic and military coordination to
ensure the Malian government receives the necessary support it needs to counter
the latest flareup of Islamic fascism.
I would like to think the Allies have contributed to the French
operations. Bonne chance et bonne
chasse, mes amis.
The process took
many months to start and three weeks to complete. I wanted to study the Supreme Court’s decision in the case
of Pollock
v. Farmer's Loan & Trust Co. [157 US 429 (1895); 8.April.1895]. My interest in the case rests upon the
generally accepted historical perspective that the ruling led to the 16th
Amendment of the Constitution, ratified on 3.February.1913, and
subsequently to the Revenue Tax Act of 1913 (AKA Tariff Act,
Underwood Tariff, Underwood Tariff Act, or Underwood-Simmons Act) [PL 63-I-016;
38 Stat. 114; 3.October.1913] [529], which established the Federal income tax
system as we know it today. The
Court used 225 pages in their debate over just one word – direct. The word at issue in the Pollock
case came from the U.S. Constitution, Article I,
Section 2, Clause 3, (hereafter, simply Clause 3) as ratified,
stated:
“Representatives and direct Taxes shall be apportioned among the several
States which may be included within this Union, according to their respective
Numbers.”
The case stems from the recently enacted Tariff Act of 1894
(TA1894) [PL 53-II-349; 28 Stat. 509; 27.August.1894] and specifically §§27-28
[28 Stat. 553] that ordered a per capita income tax, and a tax on the profits
from sales of real estate. Stockholder Charles Pollock, a citizen of the state
of Massachusetts, filed suit against the Farmers' Loan & Trust Company, a
corporation of the state of New York, enjoining the bank from paying the tax
that Pollock claimed was an unconstitutional violation of Clause 3.
Chief
Justice Melville Weston Fuller wrote for the majority and the divided Court as
they declared the TA1894 unconstitutional in toto on the grounds that Congress
did not have the authority to tax the income of citizens directly. Clause 3, as it was interpreted,
required direct taxes to be apportioned to the states on per capita basis
established by the current census, and it was the responsibility of the states
to provide the required revenue to the federal government. Historically, the Court has given Congress
considerable latitude regarding taxation.
For reasons that were not explained, the Supremes (of the day) chose to
draw the line at TA1894. Associate
Justice Edward Douglass White, Jr. (and future chief justice) dissented and
noted, “It is true that the power of congress to tax is a very extensive power.
It is given in the constitution with only one exception and only two
qualifications. Congress cannot tax exports, and it must impose direct taxes by
the rule of apportionment, and indirect taxes by the rule of uniformity. Thus
limited, and thus only, it reaches every subject and may be exercised at
discretion.” Justice White argued
that precedent had been set a century prior and the Court was arbitrarily
rejecting TA1894. The Pollock
case set in motion monumental events that helped solidify and progress the
relentless march toward federalism.
Just
an FYI for the history buffs among us:
·
TA1894 was passed by Congress and presented to
President Cleveland on 15.August.1894.
For reasons unknown, the President failed to return the bill in the time
allotted by the Constitution [Article I, Section 7, Clause 2 (ten days
excluding Sundays)], and thus became law by default.
·
The first federal income tax law was the Revenue Act of
1861 [PL 37-I-045; 12 Stat. 292; 5.August.1861], to raise funds for
the Civil War. It is interesting
to note that the term freeholder (a Caucasian, adult male, property owner) was still
a term utilized in this legislation.
·
An Act to provide Internal Revenue to support the Government
and to pay Interest on the Public Debt [PL 37-II-119; 12 Stat. 432; 1.July.1862]
expanded the Revenue Act of 1861. The notable element of this law was the
creation of the Bureau of Internal Revenue (BIR) in the Treasury Department
along with the position of Commissioner of Internal Revenue in operation to
this day. The bureau name was
changed in 1952 to the current Internal Revenue Service (IRS), as part of
President Truman’s reorganization plan under the cloud of a major corruption
scandal within the BIR.
News from the economic front:
-- The Federal government announced a settlement agreement
with ten banks for US$8.5B to settle charges of mortgage foreclosure
abuses. Bank of America, J.P.
Morgan Chase, Wells Fargo and Citigroup all signed onto the agreement, while
four smaller banks—Ally Financial, HSBC, OneWest Bank and Everbank—did
not. The settlement resolves
allegations of foreclosure improprieties brought by the Office of the
Comptroller of the Currency and Federal Reserve in 2011. It is not clear whether the Feds will
pursue separate prosecutions of the four recalcitrant banks.
-- Financial Industry Regulatory Authority (FinRA) Chief
Executive Richard Ketchum indicated their intention to expand its investigation
into the dark recesses of private trading venues that allow buyers and sellers
to post orders that are hidden from the rest of the market. The concern appears to be that these
private entities may be a means for wealthy individuals to influence the public
markets without the common regulatory scrutiny. I wish FinRA good hunting on their quest.
-- Another piece of the LIBOR puzzle became public. Investigators into the scandal reported
that Deutsche Bank made at least US$654M in profit in 2008 from LIBOR trades. The German bank’s trading profits resulted from billions of
euros in gambling on LIBOR and other global benchmark rates. I add the notation to the list.
So we don’t lose focus . . . the infamous 16, involved,
international banks are:
· Barclays
[UK] – US$454M fine [550]
· Bank
of America [U.S.]
· BTMU
[Japan]
· Citibank
[U.S.]
·
Credit Suisse
[Switzerland]
·
Deutsche Bank [Germany] – US$654M LIBOR profit [578]
·
Lloyds TSB [UK]
·
HSBC [UK]
· HBOS
[UK]
· JPMorgan
Chase [U.S.]
· Rabobank
[Netherlands]
· RBC
[Canada]
· RBS
[UK]
· UBS
[Switzerland] – US$1.5B fine, two charged [575]
· West
LB [Germany]
·
Norinchuckin [Japan]
-- The PRC exceeded forecasts in both imports and exports in
December, as exports rose 14.1% from a year earlier, the fastest in seven
months and well above November’s 2.9% pace, and imports increased 6% from a
year earlier after flatlining in November.
-- The European Central Bank (ECB) kept its main refinancing
rate steady at 0.75%, as its forecast indicated a gradual economic recovery
later this year even though the currency union is still in recession. On the negative side, unemployment in
the eurozone remains at a record high. With inflation gradually falling to the ECB’s target of 2%,
its main goal of ensuring price stability.
-- Prime Minister Shinzo Abe of Japan announced the
government’s ¥10.3T (US$116B) economic stimulus package along with their
estimate that the effort will raise the country’s GDP by 2% and create 600,000 new
jobs.
Comments
and contributions from Update no.577:
“I doubt that Prof Seidman could get a job at Hillsdale
College!
“Thanks for your effort with ‘Update from the Heartland.’”
My reply:
Re:
Seidman. Spot on, brother. I suppose I could understand such
reasoning from a political science professor, but a constitutional law
professor – incredible!
Re:
Updates. My pleasure. I enjoy the process . . . keeps the
spark alive on all eight jugs.
Comment to the Blog:
“Concerning the disclosure of covert agents’ identities, I
will note here that only Scooter Libby was convicted in the disclosure of
Valerie Plame’s identity, and he did no time.
“We have yet to see how long Congress can procrastinate on
the budget. I never believed they could go this long.
“Your two links this week largely agree with each other,
although their focus differs. The Der Spiegel article includes a
high estimate of the danger of the “welfare state,” as might be expected of the
Germans and the Times article does not include a discussion of Obama’s failure
to lead but that too could be expected. Personally, I suspect we could resolve
the whole mess by (a) making our military no larger than twice the size of the
second largest other national force (China’s) and (b) giving up our irrational
prohibition on marijuana. I do not expect either of those to happen soon enough
to prevent Congress from continuing to posture and pontificate until more major
disasters overtake us.
“Mr. Seidman’s op-ed is unworthy of your efforts. We have
heard much discussion lately of mental illness treatment. Perhaps Seidman could
benefit from that.
“The lame-duck Congress managed somehow to extend FISA and
NDAA during all the noise about the budget. Perhaps that was the purpose of the
noise.
“Another bank pays a fine, this one the Swiss-based Wegelin.
The good news is that the bank will close; the bad news is that the people
behind it are free to do their nefarious jobs elsewhere.”
My response to the
Blog:
Re:
disclosure. I did not agree with
President Bush’s action then, and I still do not. Conversely, I thought what Wilson-Plame did was also wrong
as a mirror image of the same principle.
Re:
budget. Perhaps Congress has been
dysfunctional for so long they have forgotten what the Constitution requires of
them.
Re:
resolve the whole mess. As is our
penchant, we focus on symptoms rather than root cause; Congress leads the
way. Given our foreign policy and
military commitments throughout the world, our military is far too small. Thus, if we want a smaller military,
then we must have smaller demands and expectations. This is not to say there are not plentiful opportunities to
reduce the DoD bureaucracy regardless of the operating forces. Also, as you know, I absolutely do not
want to stop with legalization / regulation of marijuana. It is way past time to get the Federales out of the private lives and
private choices of American citizens.
Re:
Seidman. Well said. Spot on. ‘Nuf said.
Re:
noise. Again, very good point . .
. distraction is an effective tactical technique.
Re:
Wegelin. Once again, spot on! At least two of the culprits as UBS
have been charged with criminal conspiracy. Many more deserve the treatment.
My very best
wishes to all. Take care of
yourselves and each other.
Cheers,
Cap :-)
2 comments:
You make an interesting set of comparisons among that rapper, Warren Jeffs, and the unidentified New York City woman. As nearly as I can tell, the only real common feature among these people is their large numbers of children. While Mr. Jeffs and the rapper may have some underlying psychology in common, they have very different backgrounds. I would be very surprised if the rapper exerted the same level of control over his “family” as Mr. Jeffs. Jeffs used religion as his justification; we shall see what sort of arguments and energies the rapper has working for/against him. We also have no information whether some or most the rapper’s “baby mamas” work. I know no more of the New York City woman in the group except that she appears to be an addict. That is a very expensive disease so long as it is active, both for the addict and for society. Tying these people together is basically “comparing apples to oranges.”
Leaving aside our own positions about gun control, I certainly agree that the man who appeared on the Piers Morgan show damaged his own cause. If he is a radio personality, perhaps the exposure was more valuable to him than supporting the ostensible cause.
If we address the underlying causes of homicide in the United States, we must deal with far more than occasional shooters with “mental disturbances.” While such people as the Aurora, Colorado, shooter and the young man at Newtown, Connecticut, get a great deal of attention, they commit a small percentage of the killings. The greater number of murders in the US involves drugs, either committed by users or by people in the illicit drug trade killing over money. You almost reached a potential answer when you discussed the damage of prohibition. A regulated and legal drug trade could cut back on the homicide rate by changing the entire ethos of using and users. Funding for the study and treatment of addiction (including, of course, alcoholism) could further reduce the killing by treating at least those who volunteer for treatment and are currently being turned away or delayed in receiving help.
I note that the laws you discuss in your discussion of the 2nd Amendment refer to “organized” militias and to their members being “enrolled.” That does not support the idea being put forth by the NRA that almost anyone should have access to any weapon. The notion that armed citizens would prevent “domestic usurpations of power by rulers” has been disproven, as we have discussed.
Good luck to all in Mali. The war on “terrorism” cannot be won or lost and will continue until the parties find better things to do or run out of money. Usually they run out of money and popular support about the same time.
Calvin,
Re: Shawty-Lo, Jeffs & NYC prostitute. Perhaps I was not sufficiently definitive or descriptive in my words. With the possible exception of Carlos Walker (AKA Shawty-Lo), the three have in common the procreation of multiple children with multiple partners and sought State-assistance for support of their children. I am personally offended by such indiscriminate procreation, but as they say, not my dawg. My vigorous objection rests upon the State supporting their rampant, irresponsible procreation.
Re: Alex Jones. Indeed, he has already gotten far more mileage than he deserves. End.
Re: homicide. You are of course quite right. Yes, we do agree precisely that legalization / regulation of drug trade would substantially reduce the homicide rate. I still believe my proposed social vigilance group in between social workers and the police would provide substantial assistance to reducing homicides. Law enforcement is constrained by the law, e.g., there must be a crime. I have used the term social police, but now I think even that name would have the wrong connotation – perhaps social constabulary (SC) or social patrol (SP). We need an official name, but short of law enforcement. We are searching for a means to intervene short of violating the law. The SC could assist with threatening substance abuse short of injuring another human being or damaging property. They would also provide public alerts without the implications of crime & punishment. They would also function as a community intelligence apparatus, to hopefully Dylan Klebold’s of this world before they have a chance to act.
Re: militia. MA1792 said every military age, white male was part of the militia, and every militiaman had to own or procure his own musket. However, we may have discussed tyranny, but I do not agree that it has been disproven.
Re: Mali. Good summary. We just need to aid the process, to speed it along the way.
Take care and enjoy.
Cheers,
Cap
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